15. NUCLEI of ATOMS
On experimental data of definition sizes of nuclei and nucleones it is possible to draw a conclusion, that the nucleones in a nucleus densely are packaged. By a consequent it is absence any nucleon envelopes in a nucleus, which one are guessed by orthodoxes by analogy with atomic electronic envelopes. Force ones way practically it is impossible to one nucleone through mass others, therefore nucleones in a nucleus «are immobile» in that sense, as we speak about «immovability» of atoms of a solid. The nucleones in a nucleus are approximately in one power condition, therefore can interchange energy and to a nucleus it is possible to apply the theory of a chemical equilibrium. The nuclei represent crystal lattice from alpha-particles. In these particles positive protons and the neutrons are coupled and represent bosons from the point of view of official physics. Therefore Pauli exclusion principle to nuclei is not applicable. In this connection official physics is compelled to negate existence alpha-particles in a nucleus, contrary to apparent experimental data, when these particles bodily escape nuclei at a-decay.
The nucleones in nuclei are connected among themselves by a gravidynamic field similarly to magnetic connections of a system of frameworks to an electric current, therefore of atoms nuclei represent not dynamic, and static systems. It confirms a defect of mass at formation of a nucleus, which one goes on bond energy of nucleones. If the nuclei represented dynamic systems, instead of a defect of mass we would watch growth of this mass similarly to elementary particles. On a figure 1 the «fixed» positive proton and neutron and a gravidynamic field around of them, similar under the form to a magnetic field of a ring-type framework with a current is shown.
The positive proton represents an antimatter, at it rotation around of a own axis the direction of vector of gravidynamic induction is determined by a Ampere's rule. The electron is an matter and at his rotation around of a own axis the vector of gravidynamic induction is directed to the counter party, but the value of induction, approximately, in 500 times is less because of minor electronic mass in matching with a positive proton. Therefore the gravidynamic moment of a neutron (the positive proton inside an electron) practically is peer to the gravidynamic moment of a positive proton. As the gravidynamic moments homomatter aim will be drawn up in one direction (as we it is observed on an example of a solar System), a deuteron (the positive proton with a neutron) will derivate a nucleus of deuterium with double the gravidynamic moment. With increase of number of nucleones in a nucleus at first will be formed a-particle, and then plane from a-particles, as shown in a figure 2. The broken lines with arrows demonstrate a gravidynamic flow.
Alpha-plane can be superimposed against each other (with a counter-rotation of nucleones) and all steady nuclei it is possible conditionally to figured so: He(1), Ne(5), Ca(55), Ni(77), Kr(99), Pd(995), Sn(997), Xe(999), Gd(5999), W(59995), Pt(79995), Pb(79997), U(579997), No(5799975), where in brackets after a character of element (nuclei) is indicated number alpha-plane and number of alpha-particles in each plane. Naturally, that at the «unfinished» a-fragments the applicable nuclei will be unstable. Such laminated and quasi-crystalline structure of nuclei allows to explain their many properties.
The theory of a chemical equilibrium (under condition of an equal concentration electrons and positrons in a nucleus for formation of the steadiest nuclei results in the formula:
(1),
where n - number of neutrons in a nucleus, P - number of positive
protons, A - atomic mass of a nucleus.
Very long-lived half-life of nuclei of some elements component billions of years (they till now exist on the Earth) contradicts the official theory based on «tunnel effect», which one could explain some processes, but not such long-lived. Resembles more true random power transmission from all nucleones of a nucleus to one of them, is most gentle by bound with a nucleus. The probability of such process practically is peer to zero point.